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The aim of this project is to improve industry productivity by extending the current paradigm of computer-aided design (CAD) libraries to support the design, construction, facilities management and demolition/re-use information across disciplines and throughout the building lifecycle.
A fundamental problem faced by industry is that CAD library objects created and included in electronic models are duplicated by each discipline and most cannot be effectively shared between practices and projects. The CAD library objects are expensive to create and the current position significantly compromises interoperability and efficiency of the industry.
The problem affects all areas of infrastructure and building construction. It is most acute for building projects, where design professionals rely on software libraries to maintain standardisation of object definitions, to increase productivity, and improve quality throughout the development lifecycle thereby reducing costs and improving delivery times for projects.
Each construction project uses libraries of products and processes. These capture information about the project that is used across multiple projects (industry wide) or within a single project (project specific). The current range of computer softwares used for design and analysis each address these libraries in individual ways, with no indication from the vendors of a neutral approach to libraries. This:
Prevents rationalisation and re-use within organisations, within projects, and across the industry;
Creates inefficiencies as businesses are hindered in the transfer of data between systems;
Creates a barrier to SME adoption of this more productive technology;
Results in a loss of productivity to designers and constructors; and
Becomes costly to maintain object libraries in facility management systems using current industry practices and tools.
The efficiency of digital modelling processes will improve enormously if it becomes possible:
To share object libraries across different softwares, thereby reducing effort required by individual organisations to exploit the capabilities of digital modelling;
For SMEs within this industry to adopt and benefit from the digital technology available; and
For object libraries to be adopted within the procurement supply chain process and in facility management systems.
Project Outcomes
This project will:
Define and implement a neutral format for the storage of product library data that interacts directly with proprietary software systems;
Make it possible for product manufacturers to have a single source of information on their products;
Reduce the effort required by construction industry personnel to use software;
Reduce duplication of effort across companies;
Reduce transcription errors in documentation;
Reduce use of out-of-date information;
Increase sharing of information along the supply chain;
Increase reliability of analyses due to access to up-to-date information; and
Provide potential access to more reliable (certified) information.
Documents for Downloading
The following documents provide additional detail regarding this current research, including project outcomes to date:
The overarching goal of this project is to better match funding strategies to industry needs to maximise the benefits of R&D to Australia’s infrastructure and building industry.
Project partners are: Queensland Department of Public Works; Queensland Transport and Main Roads; Western Australian Department of Treasury and Finance; John Holland; Queensland University of Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Prof Göran Roos). This project has been endorsed by the Australian Built Environment Industry Innovation Council (BEIIC) with Council member Prof Catherin Bull serving on this project’s Steering Committee.
This project seeks to: (i) maximise the value of R&D investment in this sector through improved understanding of future industry research needs; and (ii) address the perceived problem of a disproportionately low R&D investment in this sector, relative to the size and national importance of the sector.
This research will develop new theory built on open innovation, dynamic capabilities and absorptive capacity theories in the context of strategic foresighting and roadmapping activities.
Four project phases have been designed to address this research:
Audit and analysis of R&D investment in the Australian built environment since 1990 – access publically available data relating to R&D investments across Australia from public and private organisations to understand past trends.
Examine diffusion mechanisms of research and innovation and its impact on public and private organisations – investigate specific R&D investments to determine the process of realising research support, direction-setting, project engagement, impacts and pathways to adoption.
Develop a strategic roadmap for the future of this critical Australian industry – assess the likely future landscapes that R&D investment will both respond to and anticipate.
Develop policy to maximise the value of R&D investments to public and private organisations – through translating project learnings into policy guidelines.
The project team also acknowledge the important contribution of Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage funding from 2011-2104. This funding enabled this project to leverage SBEnrc funding to both broaden and deepen research outcomes. In particular this funding: enabled a fourth case study of Private sector R&D investment in Australia to be undertaken; and facilitated the ongoing international collaboration of the 36 members from 17 countries in the CIB Task Group 85 Research Investment and Impact. This activity which has led to the forthcoming Taylor and Francis publication R&D Investment and Impact in the Global Construction Industry (due June 2014) – http://www.routledge.com/catalogs/building_and_construction_catalog/1/6/
Project Outcomes
Phase 1 outcomes will include: (i) a map of the existing research investments; (ii) an audit of R&D investment in this sector through interrogating Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Tax Office and Australian and state-based data; and (iii) a strategic assessment of the above inputs to inform the following project phases.
Phase 2 outcomes will include national case studies of specific themes of investment, highlighting lessons learned, success criteria and critical challenges.
Phase 4 outcomes will include a set of strategies to allow public and private sector organisations to more profitably engage in research to secure business advantages.
Documents for Downloading
The following documents provide additional detail regarding this current research, including project outcomes to date:
CIB – International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction
This project has also formed the basis for a new CIB Task Group, TG85 R&D Investment and Impact, which held its first meeting at SB11 Helsinki World Sustainable Building Conference on 19th October 2011.
CIB TG85 members receiving CIB Programme Committee commendation for the most remarkable contributions to the CIB from amongst all the Commission and Theme Group Coordinators and Members at the World Building Congress 2013 (Brisbane, 7 May 2013).
Antonio Lucio Gil, Ex-Vice-President of Green Building Council España and Keith Hampson, CEO of SBEnrc during launch of the book R&D Investment and Impact in the Global Construction Industry, Barcelona, World Sustainable Building Conference, 30 October 2014. Antonio Lucio was responsible for the “Global Vision” at the WSB14.
The goal of this project is to find ways to improve supply chain confidence in off-site manufacturing (OSM) and its associated technologies, and to develop better supply-chain processes to support increased technological adoption for OSM.
This project will tackle three complementary issues:
Client Confidence: Australian industry indicates a lack of confidence in the promise of OSM solutions. To improve this confidence, this project will identify and track intervention points that ensure work-flows can deliver real resource savings. Creating project evaluation benchmarks will provide on-going methods to support OSM sustainable practice.
Project Knowledge: Industry claims the principle requirement of an integrated OSM project is for everybody to be ‘talking the same language’. Thus a focus on communication issues to define OSM tasks will assist in identifying decision-making processes to model a common OSM project language. This language model can frame knowledge management and knowledge transfer processes such as procurement and statutory approvals to deliver accurate documentation.
Supply-Chain Processes: Supply chains are ‘only as good’ as their individual processes. This project will verify knowledge management systems for OSM task and supply flows through a series of identified process interventions. Thus value will be created through knowledge transfer using a common language by projects being able to utilise intervention checklists for real-time OSM learning.
Project partners Queensland Departments of Public Works and Western Australian Department of Treasury and Finance have used OSM as a component of individual projects. However, the up-take of OSM has been limited. They are working with Swinburne University of Technology and Queensland University of Technology to increase client confidence in having OSM as a principle infrastructure project component; assist with connectivity of project knowledge for integrated OSM projects; and identify supply-chain processes for increased OSM productivity interventions and value creation.
Project Outcomes
Phase 1 Client Confidence outcomes will identify ways to improve confidence in the uptake of OSM for infrastructure projects through OSM project benchmarks to support increased confidence with manufactured products.
Phase 2 Project Knowledge outcomes will develop a common lan- guage to frame knowledge management and knowledge transfer processes such as procurement and statutory approvals. Models of information flows will provide frameworks for communication to support an integrated approach to infrastructure projects.
Phase 3 Supply Chain Processes outcomes will identify and map process interventions to ensure accurate knowledge transfer in all process management systems. Project outcomes will develop intervention checklists for real-time OSM learning while processing multi-level supply chain tasks.
Documents for Downloading
The following documents provide additional detail regarding this current research, including project outcomes to date:
The overarching goal of this project was to enhance the safety of all workers engaged in the Australian infrastructure and building construction workforce by reducing the risk of accidents resulting from impaired performance caused by the use of alcohol and other drugs.
A nationally consistent collaborative approach across the construction workforce – involving employers and employees, unions, clients, con- tractors, and sub-contractors was required to engender a cultural change in the construction workforce – in a similar manner to the on-going initiative in securing a cultural change to drink-driving in our society where peer intervention and support is encouraged.
Project partners include: John Holland, Queensland University of Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, and Curtin University. This project had active participation from leaders in applied research in the evaluation of drugs and alcohol impacts in mining, energy, aviation and rail sectors: Professor Jeremy Davey, Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety – Queensland (CARRS-Q, QUT) and Professor Steve Allsop, Director of the National Drug Research Institute (NDRI, Curtin).
The challenge was to build safer workplaces through working together on this key national project. The project was led in a strategic sense by an Industry Steering Committee chaired by a high-profile industry leader, with membership comprising representatives from:
Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner
Australian Constructors Association
Austroads
Engineers Australia
Australian Procurement and Construction Council
Civil Contractors Federation
Master Builders Australia
AWU
CFMEU
Project Outcomes
This project will fundamentally contribute to a greater understanding of the impact of alcohol and other drugs in the Australian infrastructure and building industry and, critically, bring together the employer, employee, and representative groups nationally. Never before has this level of collaboration been possible at a national level. Project outcomes will include:
Drugs and alcohol consumption and behaviour audit. A national qualitative and quantitative assessment of the use of drugs and alcohol within the industry. This will build upon similar studies carried out in the Australian energy and mining sectors.
Development of an appropriate industry policy. This will adopt a non-punitive and rehabilitative approach developed in consultation with employers and employees across the infrastructure and building sectors, with the aim it be applied nationally for adoption at the construction workplace.
Development of a cultural change management program. Together with the Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner, lead industry associations and key stakeholder groups, this project will initiate an industry-wide nationally consistent collaborative approach to reducing the risk of impaired performance on construction sites and increasing workers’ commitment to drugs and alcohol safety.
The aim of the website is to introduce the participant to the options to prevent and reduce alcohol and other drug related risks and problems in the workplace. It is aimed at managers, supervisors and health and safety staff.
The community’s concern with environmental cost of the built environment is growing, so there is a pressing need for industry to identify and reduce the environmental cost of production. One significant contributor to greenhouse gases including CO2 is the handling and haulage of mass materials such as earth and rock on road and rail projects.
Project partners Queensland Department of Public Works, Western Australian Department of Treasury and Finance, Parsons Brinckerhoff, and John Holland are working with Swinburne University of Technology and Queensland University of Technology to find better ways to plan and manage infrastructure construction to reduce the environmental impact of mass material movements.
This project will add value for clients and producers (designers and contractors) of infrastructure by, for the first time, identifying rigorous methods for measuring, minimising and controlling the environmental cost of mass haul.
The following phases have been designed to deliver valuable outcomes from this research:
A review of existing research and best practice software and technology for earthworks management, mass haul analysis and construction fleet management. This will form the basis for theoretical models for Australian projects.
Develop a methodology for calculating carbon consumption of fleet. This will provide a method for clearly and rigorously calculating the impact of mass haul operations.
Develop a methodology for minimising mass haul costs and carbon footprint. This will allow contractors to identify better strategies that will minimise their environmental cost and to communicate the result clearly and effectively.
Develop non-financial assessment criteria for carbon consumption associated with earthworks on infrastructure projects. This will allow clients to improve the environmental performance of their projects through directed procurement mechanisms. This will also facilitate long-term performance improvement through recognition and rewarding non-financial criteria.
Develop a methodology for monitoring and controlling conformance with submissions. This will ensure accountability in the delivery of performance improvements and ensure that non-financial criteria are tied to incentives for real deliverables.
ARC Linkage
This project was leveraged into ARC Linkage project: Greening Procurement of Infrastructure Construction: Optimising Mass-haul Operations to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (LP110200314).
This project addresses three specialist topics: mass-haul and reduction of fuel usage; greening procurement processes; and process optimisation. Through mass-haul interviews, simulation modelling, knowledgecapture workshops and the development of process maps, the research team is providing industry recommendations on addressing these challenges. An Industry Report has been produced providing a step-by-step procurement process to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The report confirms fuel reduction as a proxy for reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Using the recommended process to reduce fuel consumption for mass-haul will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This non-price factor assists road authorities meet their GHGE targets.
Project Outcomes
This research fills an important gap between environmental research and production efficiency research, and targets an emerging need for optimisation to reduce environmental impact of infrastructure construction.
Phase 1 outcomes will include understanding international research and best practice in the domain of mass haul analysis and carbon impact. It will add to existing work which has been undertaken in understanding the environmental impact of infrastructure generally.
Phase 2 outcomes will contribute internationally significant models for carbon impact of mass haul operations.
Phase 3 will deliver models for optimisation of carbon impact and introduce new methods into the Australian industry for mass haul optimisation from both financial and carbon perspectives.
Phase 4 will produce strategies for Australian clients of infrastructure projects and enhance the procurement methods toward improved environmental and financial performance.
Phase 5 outcomes will contribute internationally significant models for monitoring and reporting compliance with environmental targets associated with mass haul operations.
Documents for Downloading
The following documents provide additional detail regarding this current research, including project outcomes to date:
Tan, SY, Harfield, T, Kenley, R and Pirzadeh, P (2012) Australian Carbon Calculator Initiatives: Fuel Consumption as a Proxy for Mass-Haul Greenhouse Gas Emission during Road Construction. In D Kashiwagi and K Sullivan (eds.) (2012). Proceedings ofthe Construction, Building and Real Estate Conference, 11-13 September 2012, Las Vegas, US, pp. 945-52.
Kenley R, Hampson K, Bedggood J, Harfield T and Sanchez A (2014) Sustainability Non-price Incentives and Rewards: A Collaborative Procurement Perspective, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Construction in a Changing World, in Kandalana, Sri Lanka, CIB – International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, 4-7 May, Kandalama, Sri Lanka.
Burdett, RL and Kozan, E (2013) A dynamic approach for evaluating earthwork hauls in construction. In Proceedings of Abstract and Papers of 14th Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Systems Conference 2013, Asia Pacific Industrial Engineering and Management Society (APIEMS), Cebu, Philippines, 11pp.
Kenley, R and Harfield, T (2013) The Complexity of Greening Procurement in an Open System. Proceedings of the Future Build Conference, 4-6 Sep 2013, Bath, UK, pp. 59-66.
The concept of ‘Biophilic Urbanism’, championed by Tim Beatley and Peter Newman for decades, has been used widely to create more liveable and vibrant cities. This field is about to get a significant boost in activity as the realisation grows that natural features can be used as design elements in cities to help respond to climate change. The concept of biophilic urbanism is inspired by E. O. Wilson’s concept of ‘biophilia’ that suggests we have an innate affinity with nature and that increasing nature in cities can lead to many benefits. Studies show that a connection with nature tends to lead to reductions in depression, anger, tension and fatigue.
Having been applied to a number of aspects of psychology and interior design, the concept is now receiving strong interest as an urban design principle, not only for the human well-being benefits, but a range of direct and indirect economic and environmental benefits. Biophilic urbanism has the potential to make significant contributions to a range of national, state and local government policies related to climate change mitigation and adaptation: reducing urban energy consumption, enhancing urban biodiversity, improving resilience to natural disasters, improving worker productivity, and responding to pressures related to densification and revitalisation of cities.
Project partners include: Parsons Brinckerhoff, Western Australia Department of Finance, Townsville City Council (CitySolar Program), and PlantUp.
The research team was led by Professor Peter Newman (Curtin), Charlie Hargroves (Curtin), and Dr. Cheryl Desha (QUT), and included: Angie Reeve (QUT), Omniya Baghdadi (QUT), Megan Bucknum (Curtin), Jana Soderlund (Curtin), Mariela Zingoni (Curtin), and Rob Salter (Curtin), with advice from Professor Tim Beatley (University of Virginia, USA), a world leading biophilic urbanism expert and author of the new book ‘Biophilic Cities’
Project Outcomes
Stakeholder Engagement Report
A series of stakeholder meetings and discussions have been held along with the facilitation of two stakeholder workshops involving over 25 participants, in Perth and Brisbane. The workshops were based on the methodology of ‘Collective Social Learning’, created by Emeritus Professor Valerie Brown, to guide participants through a process to consider first their vision for a biophilic (nature loving) city and the aspects that enable and disable achieving such vision. Following this a brainstorm was undertaken with each workshop group, to inform the research team’s consideration of the various elements of an economic consideration of both direct and in-direct economic benefits and costs of the use of biophilic elements in cities and other urban areas.
The team is mid-way through a case study investigation of key biophilic urbanism examples in Australia and overseas, to consider both the economic and policy considerations that can inform future use of biophilic elements in Australian cities. This investigation is informed through a number of policy and economic analysis related questions that will ensure a consistent evaluation of what is possible and what precedents can inform future development in Australian cities.
Documents for Downloading
The following documents provide additional detail regarding the research:
In the coming decades the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads and transport infrastructure will face a range of new challenges and as such will require a number of new approaches. Such challenges will result from a growing number of interconnected environmental, social, and economic factors, which are set to apply significant pressure on the future of roads. For instance, Environmental pressures will include the impacts of climate change on rainfall patterns and temperature profiles; Economic pressure will be affected by materials and resources shortages, along with predicted increases in energy and resource prices globally, and Social pressures will include potential shifts to lighter vehicles, reduced use of cars due to higher fuel costs, and political pressure to respond to climate change.
To inform the response to such challenges this project focused on three key areas:
Identifying ways to reduce environmental pressures from road building;
Investigating the emergence of sustainability reporting and roads; and
Investigating future trends and scenarios that will affect roads.
The findings inform a range of actions for moving forward, namely: capacity building to identify short term options to ‘reduce greenhouse gas emissions’ during construction, design, maintenance and operation on existing and future road projects; enhancing ‘sustainability reporting’ efforts, such as to AGIC and the GRI; and ongoing strategic consideration of the ‘risks and opportunities’ associated with current and future trends. Benefits to industry include: improving strategic positioning; providing guidance on areas of specialisation; and understanding market gaps and arising business opportunities.
Benefits to government include: informing policy and management decisions; providing insight into changing roles and leverage points for action; providing a scenario planning framework; and informing further research areas. Both will need transparent and strategic reporting mechanisms to show how the new challenges for road delivery and operations are being addressed.
Project partners include: Parsons Brinckerhoff, John Holland, Queensland Transport and Main Roads, Main Roads Western Australia, Australian Green Infrastructure Council.
The research team was led by Professor Peter Newman (Curtin), Charlie Hargroves (Curtin), and Dr. Cheryl Desha (QUT), and included: Dr. Anne Matan (Curtin), Kimberley Wilson (QUT), Luke Whistler (QUT), Annabel Farr (QUT), Justine Beauson (Curtin), and Leon Surawski (Curtin), with advice from Professor Arun Kumar (QUT).
Project Highlights
Stakeholder Engagement
A series of stakeholder meetings have been held along with the facilitation of two stakeholder workshops involving over 25 participants, in Perth and Brisbane. Participants were asked to review selected outcomes from the literature review related to reducing the environmental pressures from road building, and then asked to identify critical indicators for roads in the future based on a discussion of potential future considerations, risks and pressures. The final session then focused on how scenarios might be developed to deliver tangible benefit to stakeholders.
Based on the findings of the literature review and stakeholder engagement (which identified climate change and resource shortages as key trends), the team, led by Dr Annie Matan developed a series of 10 trend summaries that were explored in the above stakeholder engagement process in April 2012, including a focus on:
Increase in the cost of road maintenance,
Increase in extreme weather events,
Oil based road surfacing unfeasible,
Trips by walking, cycling & public transport increase,
Resource shortages: aggregate shortages, fresh water scarcity,
Freight vehicles increase in size & quantity,
Funding constraints on new projects & on maintenance of existing infrastructure,
Transport infrastructure reaches capacity,
Electric & alternative fuel vehicles are mainstream, and
City planning requires intensification along rail lines & infill development.
Climate variation, resource depletion and increasing urbanisation are converging global issues that are challenging the way we design, construct and operate buildings.
The residential construction sector faces multi-faceted issues affecting the delivery of more sustainable housing. This project will address barriers to the sustainability performance of Australia’s housing stock and the ability of the housing construction industry to provide high performance housing. This project will provide initial data on simulated thermal performance as designed, and actual performance as constructed, of a number of houses in subtropical and tropical Queensland. It will also provide some insight into the impact of housing sustainability performance on occupants.
The purpose of the project is to expand and deepen industry engagement and to develop further data to enhance and refine a re-submission of an ARC Linkage Project proposal in the next available ARC call for proposals:
Australian Housing 2025: Maximising the competitiveness of the residential construction sector and housing sustainability performance
This project will deliver:
Data on actual housing sustainability diagnostics of approximately 25 homes (Gold Coast / Brisbane and Townsville) including:
Thermography and infiltration tests of above homes
Post-occupancy monitoring of thermal performance
Occupant surveys of thermal comfort
Simulated (predicted) building performance and actual indoor temperature performance
Literature review of maintenance of sustainability features in residential buildings, including low-carbon technologies suitable for multi-unit residential buildings.
Documents for Downloading
The following document provides additional detail regarding this research, including project outcomes to date: